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Neck
The neck facilitates a significant amount of support and motion, however its position often leaves it vulnerable to injury. Our specialists are specifically trained to diagnose, treat, and prevent problems involving the neck region.
1 - Cervical Radiculopathy
overview
Cervical radiculopathy is a dysfunction of a nerve root of the cervical spine. When any nerve root in the cervical spine is irritated through compression or inflammation, symptoms of pain, tingling, numbness, and/or weakness can radiate anywhere along that nerve’s pathway into the shoulder, arm, and/or hand. Cervical disc herniation is the most common cause of cervical radiculopathy.
2 - Cervicalgia or Neck Pain
overview
Cervicalgia is a general term used to describe pain in the neck. Neck pain is not a condition, but a symptom that can result from many different causes. Treating neck pain is highly dependent on having an accurate diagnosis. Examples of common conditions causing neck pain are neck strain, degenerative disc disease, neck injury such as whiplash, a herniated disc, or a pinched nerve. Even a brief viral illness can cause temporary neck pain or stiffness.
3 - Herniated Disc (Cervical)
overview
A herniated disk refers to a problem with one of the rubbery cushions (disks) between the individual bones (vertebrae) that stack up to make your spine. A spinal disk is a little like a jelly donut, with a softer center encased within a tougher exterior. Sometimes called a slipped disk or a ruptured disk, a herniated disk occurs when some of the softer “jelly” pushes out through a tear in the tougher exterior.
4 - Spinal Stenosis (Cervical)
overview
Cervical spinal stenosis is the narrowing of the spinal canal in the neck. The spinal canal is the open area in the bones (vertebrae) that make up the spinal column. The spinal cord is a collection of nerves that runs through the spinal canal from the base of the brain to the lower back. These nerves allow us to feel, to move, and to control the bowel and bladder and other body functions.
In cervical spinal stenosis, the spinal canal narrows and can squeeze and compress the nerve roots where they leave the spinal cord, or it may compress or damage the spinal cord itself. The seven vertebrae between the head and the chest make up the cervical spine. Squeezing the nerves and cord in the cervical spine can change how the spinal cord functions and cause pain, stiffness, numbness, or weakness in the neck, arms, and legs. It can also affect your control of your bowels and bladder. Curiously, the spinal cord does not have the ability to sense when it is being compressed so symptoms can be subtle and develop gradually over months or years.
Shoulder
Shoulder injuries are often caused by activities that involve excessive, repetitive, overhead motions. Although discomfort may seem minor, do not underestimate the severity of injuries within the shoulder. Early detection and treatment is key to full recovery, and our facility offers attentive and knowledgeable physicians and staff.
1 - Arthritis of the Shoulder
overview
Arthritis is inflammation of one or more of your joints. The most common types of arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, but there are more than 100 different forms.
Healthy joints move easily because of a smooth, slippery tissue called articular cartilage. Cartilage covers the ends of bones and provides a smooth gliding surface for the joint. This smooth surface is lubricated by a fluid that looks and feels like oil. It is produced by the joint lining called synovium.
Arthritis may be caused by disease (osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis) or by trauma
2 - Labral Tear (Shoulder)
overview
The labrum is a piece of fibrocartilage (rubbery tissue) attached to the rim of the shoulder socket that helps keep the ball of the joint in place. When this cartilage is torn, it is called a labral tear. Labral tears may result from injury, or sometimes as part of the aging process. Symptoms and treatment vary depending on the type and severity of the tear.
3 - Rotator Cuff Injury
overview
A Rotator Cuff injury occurs when the tissue that connects your muscles around the shoulder joint tear.
4 - Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)
overview
Frozen Shoulder, is a condition that results in stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint.
5 - Subacromial Bursitis
overview
A condition caused by the inflammation of the bursa that separates the acromion from the rotator cuff.
Elbow
Our hands, wrists, and elbows serve many purposes, and are frequently utilized in a variety of daily activities. Whether you need carpal tunnel surgery, or a simple consultation, our facility offers a breadth of services to meet your needs.
1 - Golfer’s Elbow (Medial Epicondylitis)
overview
Golfer’s elbow (medial epicondylitis) causes pain and inflammation in the tendons that connect the forearm to the elbow. The pain centers on the bony bump on the inside of your elbow and may radiate into the forearm.
Golfer’s elbow is usually caused by overusing the muscles in the forearm that allow you to grip, rotate your arm, and flex your wrist. Repetitive flexing, gripping, or swinging can cause pulls or tiny tears in the tendons.
2 - Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
overview
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome is caused when your ulnar nerve, commonly known as the “funny bone,” experiences pressure or compression.
3 - Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis)
overview
Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis) occurs when the elbow has been overused — repeating the same motion over and over. The tendons that join the forearm muscles on the outside of the elbow become inflamed/damaged, causing pain and tenderness on the outside of the elbow.
4 - Elbow Bursitis
overview
This condition occurs when the bursae, a fluid-filled sac between the skin and bones on the back of the elbow, become inflamed or irritated.
HAND and WRISTS
Our hands, wrists, and elbows serve many purposes, and are frequently utilized in a variety of daily activities. Whether you need carpal tunnel surgery, or a simple consultation, our facility offers a breadth of services to meet your needs.
1 - Arthritis of the Hand
overview
Arthritis is inflammation of one or more of your joints. The most common types of arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, but there are more than 100 different forms.
Healthy joints move easily because of a smooth, slippery tissue called articular cartilage. Cartilage covers the ends of bones and provides a smooth gliding surface for the joint. This smooth surface is lubricated by a fluid that looks and feels like oil. It is produced by the joint lining called synovium.
Arthritis may be caused by disease (osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis) or by trauma (fractures).
2 - Bicep Tendon Tear
overview
A Bicep Tendon Tear occurs when the tendons in your biceps that attach the muscle to your shoulder and elbow tear.
3 - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
overview
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition that causes pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and arm. The condition occurs when one of the major nerves to the hand the median nerve — is squeezed or compressed as it travels through the wrist.
4 - De Quervain's Tendinosis / Tenosynovitis
overview
De Quervain’s tendinosis occurs when the tendons around the base of the thumb are irritated or constricted. The word “tendinosis” refers to a swelling of the tendons. Swelling of the tendons, and the tendon sheath (tenosynovitis) , can cause pain and tenderness along the thumb side of the wrist. This is particularly noticeable when forming a fist, grasping or gripping something, or when turning the wrist. Repetitive activities with the hand can cause or aggravate this condition.
5 - Ganglion Cyst
6 - Hand Fracture
overview
Fractures of the hand can occur in either the small bones of the fingers (phalanges) or the long bones (metacarpals). They can result from a twisting injury, a fall, a crush injury, or direct contact in sports.
7 - Tendonitis
overview
Tendonitis is an inflammation or irritation of a tendon, a thick cord that attaches bone to muscle. Tendonitis is most often caused by repetitive, minor impact on the affected area, or from a sudden more serious injury.
Tendinitis can occur in almost any area of the body where a tendon connects a bone to a muscle. The most common places are:
- Base of the thumb
- Elbow
- Shoulder
- Hip
- Knee
- Achilles tendon
8 - Trigger Finger
overview
Stenosing tenosynovitis is a condition commonly known as “trigger finger.” It is sometimes also called “trigger thumb.” The tendons that bend the fingers glide easily with the help of pulleys. These pulleys hold the tendons close to the bone. This is similar to how a line is held on a fishing rod. Trigger finger occurs when the pulley becomes too thick, so the tendon cannot glide easily through it.
Trigger finger can involve any finger. Repetitive gripping activity may contribute to the cause.
BACK/SPINE
Problems involving the spine are a common source of pain, and can affect mobility. Effective treatment is imperative to restore quality of life. Trust our experienced orthopaedic specialists to treat your injuries with the highest level of care and compassion.
1 - Degenerative Disc Disease
overview
Your spine is made up of small interlocking bones, called vertebrae, which are stacked on top of one another. In between the vertebrae, are spinal discs which act as shock absorbers for the spine. These spinal discs can degenerate due to aging or injury resulting in the condition called degenerative disc disease.
2 - Herniated Disc (Cervical)/Herniated Discs
overview
A herniated disk refers to a problem with one of the rubbery cushions (disks) between the individual bones (vertebrae) that stack up to make your spine. A spinal disk is a little like a jelly donut, with a softer center encased within a tougher exterior. Sometimes called a slipped disk or a ruptured disk, a herniated disk occurs when some of the softer “jelly” pushes out through a tear in the tougher exterior.
3 - Sacroiliac Joint Pain (SI Joint)
overview
The sacroiliac joint connects the last segment of the spine, the sacrum, to the pelvis. The integrity of the sacroiliac joint depends on strong ligaments that encase and cover the joint. These ligaments compress and stabilize the joint.
The ligaments that encase the sacroiliac joint may be disrupted due to injury or degenerate due to age, allowing the joint to have excessive motion. This excessive motion may inflame and disrupt the joint and surrounding nerves.
Your physician may also refer to sacroiliac joint pain by other terms like sacroiliitis, SI joint degeneration, SI joint inflammation, SI joint syndrome, SI joint disruption and SI joint strain.
4 - Sciatica
overview
Sciatica refers to pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, which branches from your lower back through your hips and buttocks and down each leg. Typically, sciatica affects only one side of your body.
Sciatica most commonly occurs when a herniated disk, bone spur on the spine or narrowing of the spine (spinal stenosis) compresses part of the nerve. This causes inflammation, pain and often some numbness in the affected leg. Most commonly, the L4-5 and/or L5-S1 disc(s) are the culprit for sciatica.
Although the pain associated with sciatica can be severe, most cases resolve with non-operative treatments in a few weeks. People who have severe sciatica that’s associated with significant leg weakness or bowel or bladder changes might be candidates for surgery.
5 - Scoliosis
overview
Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine that occurs most often during the growth spurt just before puberty. While scoliosis can be caused by conditions such as cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy, the cause of most scoliosis is unknown. Heredity may be a contributing factor
6 - Vertebral Compression Fracture
overview
Vertebral Compression Fractures occur when the bony block or vertebral body in the spine collapses, which can lead to severe pain, deformity and loss of height. These fractures more commonly occur in the thoracic spine (the middle portion of the spine), especially in the lower part. While osteoporosis is the most common cause, these fractures may also be caused by trauma or metastatic tumors.
Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are the most common fracture in patients with osteoporosis, affecting about 750,000 people annually. VCFs affect an estimated 25 percent of all postmenopausal women in the U.S. In people with severe osteoporosis, a VCF may be caused by simple daily activities, such as bending over.
Hip
Overuse and injury can often lead to pain and discomfort during daily activities. Our providers offer a variety of services – from minimally invasive surgery to total joint replacements.
1 - Arthritis of the Hip
overview
Arthritis is inflammation of one or more of your joints. The most common types of arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, but there are more than 100 different forms.
Healthy joints move easily because of a smooth, slippery tissue called articular cartilage. Cartilage covers the ends of bones and provides a smooth gliding surface for the joint. This smooth surface is lubricated by a fluid that looks and feels like oil. It is produced by the joint lining called synovium.
Arthritis may be caused by disease (osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis) or by trauma (fractures).
2 - Hip Bursitis (Torchanteric Bursitis)
overview
Bursitis is the painful swelling of bursae. Bursae are fluid-filled sacs that cushion your tendons, ligaments and muscles. When they work normally, bursae help the tendons, ligaments and muscles glide smoothly over bone. But when the bursae are swollen, the area around them becomes very tender and painful. Trochanteric bursitis is swelling affecting the bursa of the hip.
3 - Hip Fracture
overview
Hip fractures are breaks in the thighbone (femur) just below the hip joint. They often occur in people aged 65 and older, and will most likely require surgery.
4 - Hip Dislocation
overview
Hip Dislocation is an injury in which the hip bone is displaced from its normal position.
5 - Osteoarthritis of the Hip
overview
Osteoarthritis of the Hip, is a type of arthritis that occurs when the flexible connective tissue that protects the ends of the bones wears down in the hip.
6 - Total Hip Replacement
overview
In a Total Hip Replacement, the damaged bone and cartilage within the hip joint is replaced with prosthetics/implants to replicate the ball and socket of a healthy hip.
Preparation: In preparation for the procedure, you are anesthetized. The surgeon creates an incision to expose your hip joint. The damaged head of your femur is removed.
Knee
Knees bear the body’s weight, and are often the first joints to signal changes and pain associated with progressing age. Our surgeons have extensive knowledge and experience addressing knee pain, and offer appropriate and effective treatments based on the nature and severity of injuries.
1 - Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear (ACL Tear)
overview
The anterior cruciate ligament runs diagonally in the middle of the knee. It prevents the tibia from sliding out in front of the femur, as well as provides rotational stability to the knee.
One of the most common knee injuries is an anterior cruciate ligament sprain or tear.Athletes who participate in high demand sports like soccer, football, and basketball are more likely to injure their anterior cruciate ligaments.
If you have injured your anterior cruciate ligament, you may require surgery to regain full function of your knee. This will depend on several factors, such as the severity of your injury and your activity level.
2 - Arthritis of the Knee
overview
Arthritis is inflammation of one or more of your joints. The most common types of arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, but there are more than 100 different forms.
Healthy joints move easily because of a smooth, slippery tissue called articular cartilage. Cartilage covers the ends of bones and provides a smooth gliding surface for the joint. This smooth surface is lubricated by a fluid that looks and feels like oil. It is produced by the joint lining called synovium.
Arthritis may be caused by disease (osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis) or by trauma (fractures).
3 - Meniscus Tear
overview
This common injury of the knee occurs when one of the rubbery, C-shaped disc that cushions your knee (meniscus) tears. This tear is usually caused by twisting or rotating your knee suddenly.
4 - Osteoarthritis of the Knee
overview
The knee is made up of cartilage, which is a tough, flexible connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber. In Osteoarthritis of the Knee, the cartilage is gradually broken down.
5 - Total Knee Replacement
overview
If your knee is severely damaged, you may have to have a Total Knee Replacement procedure, which replaces the damaged portions of your knee with artificial parts. This procedure aims to restore function and motion of the knee joint.
Ankle
The ankle is a complex joint formed by the connection of three bones and including several important ligaments. When the ankle is injured you may experience the following symptoms:
- Swelling
- Tenderness in your ankle
- Difficulty putting weight on your ankle
Common conditions causing ankle pain are:
1 - Achilles Tendon Injuries
overview
The Achilles Tendon is the largest tendon in the body. It stretches from the heel bone to your calf muscles, and you use it to walk, run and jump. The most common injuries to the Achilles tendon include tendonitis (inflammation), tendinosis (degeneration) and rupture.
2 - Ankle Fractures (Broken Ankle)
overview
A fractured ankle could involve all (or one) of the bones that make up the ankle joint:
- Tibia – shinbone
- Fibula – smaller bone of the lower leg
- Talus – a small bone that sits between the heel bone (calcaneus) and the tibia and fibula
3 - Ankle Instability
overview
Ankle instability is a condition involving repeated sprains, ongoing pain and repeated instances of the ankle “giving away”. The condition is caused by several different factors, including static alignment, muscle weakness, poor body movement, and ligament injury. The condition may lead to arthritis and long term chronic pain if left untreated.
4 - Ankle Sprains
overview
Ankles sprains are common injuries that results when the strong ligaments that support the ankle is stretched beyond its normal range of motion. They range from mild to severe, depending on how much damage is done to the ligament. There are three types of common sprains:
- Lateral Inversion Sprains – Caused by your foot rolling inward
- Medial Eversion Sprains – Caused when your foot rolls outward
- Syndesmosis (High Ankle) Sprains – Occurs when the foot rolls outward and the leg turns inward
5 - Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
overview
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome is a condition involving pressure on the tibial nerve in the ankle region. The nerve passes into the foot from around the inside of the ankle just below the ankle bone. Just beyond this point, the nerve enters the foot by passing between a muscle and a bone in the foot. This area is called the Tarsal Tunnel. The Posterior Tibial Nerve is the largest nerve that enters the foot.
The most common causes of the compression/pressure include: tenosynovitis (swelling of the synovial membrane lining the tendons), tumors such as lipoma or ganglion, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, fractures of the talus, tibia or calcaneum bones, fibrosis around the tibial nerve, pregnancy, varicose veins, or presence of extra muscle tissue in the tarsal canal.
Foot
The foot and ankle are complex structures interwoven with ligaments, vessels, muscles, and bones. A tiny misalignment can equal major repercussions. Our Podiatrist provides a full spectrum of services related to your foot and ankle problems.
1 - Arthritis of the Foot
overview
Arthritis is a disease characterized by the inflammation of the cartilage and lining of the body’s joints. Inflammation causes redness, warmth, pain and swelling. Arthritis is a major cause of foot pain because each foot has 33 joints that can become affected by the disease.
There are many different types of arthritis. The most common in the foot are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and posttraumatic arthritis.
- Osteoarthritis causes excessive strain and the wearing away of cartilage in the joints of the foot. Movement becomes very difficult and painful. The pain and swelling worsens while standing or walking, and stiffness usually occurs after periods of rest.
- Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease that can affect multiple joints throughout the body, and often starts in the foot and ankle. It is symmetrical, meaning that it usually affects the same joint on both sides of the body
- Posttraumatic arthritis can develop after an injury to the foot or ankle. Dislocations and fractures—particularly those that damage the joint surface—are the most common injuries that lead to posttraumatic arthritis. Like osteoarthritis, posttraumatic arthritis causes the cartilage between the joints to wear away. It can develop many years after the initial injury.
2 - Bunion
overview
A bunion is a bony, often painful bump, on the inside of the foot at the big toe joint. It typically starts small, but over time as the big toe pushes outward against the first metatarsal bone it can become very large.
3 - Foot Fracture
overview
Fractures of the bones in the foot are quite common. About 1 in every 10 broken bones occurs in the foot.
Fractures can result from a direct blow to the foot, such as accidentally kicking something hard or dropping a heavy object on your toes. They can also result from the overuse and repetitive stress that comes with participating in high-impact sports like running; this is called a stress fracture.
Some of the more common fractures involve the metatarsal bones (the long bones between your toes and the middle of your foot), calcaneous (heel bone), and phalanges (toes)
4 - Flat Foot (Pes Planus)
overview
Flat foot is a condition that causes the arches of the foot to collapse, forcing the entire sole of the foot to come in contact with the ground when standing.
Flat foot occurs regularly in children, but most children outgrow it eventually as their feet get larger, their baby fat disappears and their foot muscles strengthen with weight bearing activity such as walking.
Acquired adult flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is a progressive flattening of the arch of the foot that occurs as the posterior tibial tendon becomes insufficient.
A foot and ankle specialist should be consulted for patients with flat foot if they also have foot pain, if the ankle is red, the feet or ankles feel tired, or calluses are forming under the arches.
5 - Hammer Toe
overview
A Hammer Toe occurs when the middle joint in the second, third or fourth toes bends downward.
6 - Heel Spurs
overview
A bone spur (or osteophyte) is a small bony growth or collection of bony growths on or near the joints. When a bone spur occurs on heel, it is called a heel spur. Heel spurs occur when calcium deposits build up on the underside of the heel bone; this usually occurs over a period of many months.
7 - High Arch (Cavus Foot)
overview
A high arch, which is also called a cavus foot, is sometimes seen in children but may not be noticed until adulthood. High arches are hereditary or caused by a bone (orthopedic) or nerve (neurological) condition.
People with high arches are vulnerable to overuse injuries during sports and exercise because their feet aren’t good shock absorbers. Not as much of the foot touches the ground to provide support for walking.
8 - Plantar Fasciitis
overview
Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of pain in the heel of the foot. It occurs when the strong band of connective tissue that supports the arch of your foot becomes inflamed or irritated.
9 - Soft Tissue Masses (Foot)
overview
Soft tissue tumors are cell growths that emerge nearly anywhere in the body: in tendons, muscles, ligaments, cartilage, nerves, blood vessels, fat, and other tissues. Patients commonly refer to these masses as lumps or bumps.
There are a large number of lumps and bumps that may occur in the foot; the most common are bursas, ganglion cysts, inclusion cysts, fibromas or lipomas.. Soft tissue tumors can be cancerous or benign. The vast majority of soft tissue masses of the foot are benign (non-cancerous).
PAIN MANAGEMENT
Pain Management specialists focus on the use of medications, injections and other interventional procedures to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of pain-related conditions.
